Processed Food Should or Should not Be Banned from School Meals? Essay

Processed fare should be banned from school meals out-of-pocket to increasing wellness issues in children, increasing academic deficiency and increasing production cost to produce processed foods. There are people who would oppose to this idea due to population growth and an increasing food demand. However, this escalating demand of food is forcing the food industry and other government agencies to resolve the current hunger and lack of resources issues, by hiring processing factories and private companies to manufacture processed foods. The greater part of school age children consume processed foods on a daily basis. The purpose of this teach is to examine what are processed foods? What are the associated problems? Also, to determine if processed foods affect students health and their academic performance. In addition, what is the position of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), united States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and food industry in the distribution of processed foods in schools? Also, to determine the outcome of this study, the behavior and health of students along with the governing agencies were canvas to establish, if processed foods should be banned from schools or just monitored carefully.Discussion of key termsWhat are processed foods? It is food composed of synthetic chemical additives, such as colorings, preservatives, sugar substitutes and trans-fats (Fitzgerald, 2006, p.72). Fitzgerald reported that by the 1970s most meats and dairy products that were factory farmed were laced with growth hormones, antibiotics and a range of pesticides (p.72). Furthermore, food that is frozen, packaged and keep is considered processed food. A brief explanation of the chemical additives in processed food. 1.Pre... ...with over twenty-five years experience in the book publishing industry. He is an honorable in general-interest non-fiction publishing, specializing in topics from business and personal finance to politics, current affairs, h istory, autobiography, self-help, and personal development. Before founding his company, Weber served as managing director of the Times Business impress at Random House (1994-1997). This book is a life changing book. It was inspirational, informative and gave you insight about the things we do not know about the food we eat. The documentary was graphic and detailed, informing you of the process from the farm or the fields, to the manufactures, to the labeling and packaging companies. It informed me, about the school lunches, how some of the meals at school are made, to the politics behind it. This book is also a collectible.

WVO Quines Epistemic Paradigm :: Naturalized Epistemology

WVO Quines Epistemic ParadigmSince its publication in 1969, Quines seminal essay entitled Epistemology Naturalized has had a polarizing effect on pursuits in this field. Many have rejected the naturalist approach to epistemology on the grounds that it is mere relativism (see below), while others have celebrated Quines political program for articulating an empirical approach to epistemology. In what follows, I will endeavour to provide a clean explanation of some of the central features of Quines naturalism and point knocked out(p) what I believe are the strengths and weaknesses of these features and, I will offer a brief explanation of why I believe Quines naturalism to be an model(a) approach to clarifying how epistemic pursuits ought to be carried out. 1. Quines Naturalism What then is naturalized epistemology according to Quine? Simply stated, it is the departure from traditional philosophy insofar as it invites empirical science to play a crucial role clarifying the explanato ry relation between theory and evidence. The reason that this is a departure from the tradition is because philosophic doctrine has clung to the notion that epistemology is primarily a normative inquiry concerned with the pure justification of our claims to knowledge. One of the major, and perhaps ironic, problems with the traditional view, however, is that there has been much inequality over just which criteria are to count as justification in the first place. If we need justification to increase the liklihood that our beliefs are true, and thus wind up with knowledge, then how are we to know that our original criteria are themselves justified? The most familiar strategy1 against this risk of infinite regress is to accept only beliefs that are beyond doubt true, such as first-person reports of conscious phenomena or clear and distinct ideas. From this initial cache of first principles one could then, were this endeavour successful, rationally reconstruct an epistemically justifi ed account of how we come to have knowledge. Quine characterizes this approach generously by drawing a parallel to the attempted reduction of mathematics when he says ideally the obscurer concepts would be define in terms of the clearer ones so as to maximize clarity, and the less obvious laws would be proved from the more obvious ones so as to maximize certainty.2 With this kind of foundationalist epistemology, once one has defined which first principles are to be accepted as justified truths, one can then proceed with the understand of explaining science (inter alia) in accordance with them.

Frankenstein Essay -- English Literature Essays

FrankensteinI do not agree with the statement Students in the twenty first nose candy have little to get wind from Frankenstein. Mary Shelleys novel demonstrates the type of language and intricate structure rarely found in novels today from which students in the twenty first century can contain much from. Mary Shelley puts forward timeless lessons of ones confrontation with ones ego taking responsibility for your get actions, the result of being shunned from society and the dangers of tampering with nature. The novel foreshadows our very real fears of the double-sided nature of scientific progress making it relevant today and proving the statement Students in the twenty first century have little to learn from Frankenstein. very wrong. Shelley puts forward the issue of ones confrontation with ones self due to Victors power of creation entailing this. Victor symbolises modern man Victors is the predicament involving the moral and intellectual conflict amongst the values of self an d the values of society Natural philosophy is the genius that has regulated my fate. (p87) Unfortunately, through Frankensteins arrogance he puts his personal interest to a higher place that of society and so is the cause of his own destruction. This is an important lesson for the youth of the twenty first century to learn. Shelley uses emotive language and an intricate structure from which students can learn to support a novel full of moral lessons. Shelleys language creates ...

A Good Man is Hard to Find1 :: essays papers

A healthy Man is Hard to Find1A Good Man is Hard to FindIn A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConner tells the story of a family in route to their Florida vacation and the trouble the grandmother gets them in. The grandmother does not want to go to Florida on vacation and tries many methods of changing her son, Baileys mind. Although she tries many methods, none of them have the effect on him she desires. Bailey is as stubborn as his mother, completely culmination the door on every proposition his mother makes. When she finally makes some progress in delaying their travels things go horribly. Bailey and his family discover the hard way just how ironic life can be. The grandmother uses many excuses for the family to go to Tennessee instead of Florida on vacation. The first of her many excuses is The Misfit, a serial killer that has escaped from prison and is headed toward Florida, claiming that she would never take her children anywhere near a man like that. This didnt have the desired effect on Bailey so she explains to him and his wife how the children need more than variety and they should take the children to see different parts of the world, East Tennessee for example. Once again her plea to Bailey and his wife had no effect. Even after they had left mob she continued to try and divert them from their coarse. Finally succeeding when she convinced the children they would like to visit an old plantation home she had visited during her own childhood.There were many pinchs as to what was unfolding during the story, although one would have trouble noticing them upon initial reading. The first of the clues was, of coarse, the mentioning of The Misfits escaping from prison. As the family was eating at a small restaurant the second clue was given. The owner was discusing with grandmother the criminal nature the society has compared to the old day an example was three men had stolen gas from him only a few old age earlier. The next clue came after grandmoth er and the children persuaded Bailey to turn off the main road in search of the old plantation home. The road had not been driven on in months, suggesting the perfect, deserted, hiding places for escaped prisoners. While traveling down the dirt road grandmother remembered that the house was actually in Tennessee, not Georgia.

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay -- Aldous Huxley Brave New World

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World I stood in front of the television screen in horror and disbelief at 10 oclock on September 11, 2001. Watching as the second plane struck the World Trade Center in a fiery b any of destruction, I thought for sure that this world as we know it was coming to an abrupt end. Seeing the first tower perch and then the second, with over 100 stories each now a pile of twisted steel and death made me want to vomit. In two ill-considered hours, the stability of Americas foundation became questionable. I wondered how such a terrorist attack could happen in this society. Then I began looking for warning signs. Ironically, all the warning America needed lies underneath the cover of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World published in 1932. Huxley warned America prior to World contend II and almost 70 years prior to the Attack on America that materialism, ethnocentrism, complacency, and racism could all lead to ultimate destruction. America chose to ignore him. why were such attacks and wounds inflicted on America? Huxley recognized many years prior to pop culture that society in the US was incredibly materialistic and silver oriented maybe someday America would be otherwise. In Brave New World, Huxley puts great detail into the description of this futuristic societys material possessions. Their creator and perfection was Ford, named after the car manufacturer and father of mass production. Ford was an incredible symbol of wealth and power, similar to the automobile at the time of publication. Besides Ford, Huxleys main female character Lenina Crowne takes great pride in her appearance and her outfits, especially her silver-mounted green morocco-surrogate cartridge belt (Huxley, 50). Many analysts in... ...el. Im sword lily I dont look ilk them. I have been conditioned to hate too, in other ways, through media and society. Huxley warns us of a riskiness in this perspective. As we separate ourselves further and further ap art within our country collectible to race and ethnicity, we will become more and more like Lenina, Bernard, and Henry. We become so focused on our own personal goals, only allowing socialization within the specific social class, that we lose understanding for the big picture. Eventually, due to our differences, some will be driven from their homes, forced to leave like John the Savage, alienated to the point of no return. How can America point nibble onto another society when it harbors a similar hatred within the US borders? How could America let this predicted materialism, ethnocentrism, complacency, and racism happen? How could I miss the warning signs?

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World Essay -- Aldous Huxley Brave New World

Aldous Huxleys Brave New World I stood in front of the television screen in horror and disbelief at 10 oclock on September 11, 2001. Watching as the second plane struck the World Trade Center in a fiery b only of destruction, I thought for sure that this world as we know it was coming to an abrupt end. Seeing the first tower hit and then the second, with over 100 stories each now a pile of twisted steel and death made me want to vomit. In two on the spur of the moment hours, the stability of Americas foundation became questionable. I wondered how such a terrorist attack could happen in this society. Then I began looking for warning signs. Ironically, all the warning America needed lies underneath the cover of Aldous Huxleys Brave New World published in 1932. Huxley warned America prior to World fight II and almost 70 years prior to the Attack on America that materialism, ethnocentrism, complacency, and racism could all lead to ultimate destruction. America chose to igno re him. why were such attacks and wounds inflicted on America? Huxley recognized many years prior to pop culture that society in the US was incredibly materialistic and currency oriented maybe someday America would be otherwise. In Brave New World, Huxley puts great detail into the description of this futuristic societys material possessions. Their creator and beau ideal was Ford, named after the car manufacturer and father of mass production. Ford was an incredible symbol of wealth and power, similar to the automobile at the time of publication. Besides Ford, Huxleys main female character Lenina Crowne takes great pride in her appearance and her outfits, especially her silver-mounted green morocco-surrogate cartridge belt (Huxley, 50). Many analysts in... ...el. Im cheering I dont look like them. I have been conditioned to hate too, in other ways, through media and society. Huxley warns us of a jeopardy in this perspective. As we separate ourselves further and fu rther apart within our country repayable to race and ethnicity, we will become more and more like Lenina, Bernard, and Henry. We become so focused on our own personal goals, only allowing socialization within the specific social class, that we lose understanding for the big picture. Eventually, due to our differences, some will be driven from their homes, forced to leave like John the Savage, alienated to the point of no return. How can America point foot onto another society when it harbors a similar hatred within the US borders? How could America let this predicted materialism, ethnocentrism, complacency, and racism happen? How could I miss the warning signs?

Early Childhood Education: Impact on Cognitive and Social Development Essay

Abstract in that respect has been a great deal of look into conducted in the put forward matter of earlier barbarianhood education. During the pre check years, the human promontory is growing rapidly and extremely sensitive to new information. searchers devote conducted studies in an effort to visualise a correlation between enrollment in previous(predicate) education and cognitive and social populateledge. This paper will ply a brief overview of the results from the fol number oneing the orient number 1 course studies, the High/Scope Perry Pre school day field of battle, and the Child Pargonnt Center in Chicago. This paper will also discuss the relate of boorc are facilities on churl developing.The vast amount of look provided by these studies effectively shows an addition in cognitive development in the preschoolers that were enrolled and lay down that negative social carriages were cut as a result of early education intervention. The research indicates t hat all tikeren exhibited signs of cognitive and social growth, but that disadvantaged children were jounceed the more or little. Child- care facilities were not as productive furthering childhood development. This paper will conclude by addressing the need of well-developed preschool programs and the need for well-educated teachers in the preschool environment.Keywords early childhood education, preschool, cognitive and social development primaeval Childhood Education affect on Cognitive and Social breeding Preschool is a term that defines early childhood education for children ranging from ages two by four years old. Preschool programs normally consist of federally funded programs, state and local preschools, and child care facilities. Preschool enrollment has increased dramatically over the last fewer decades. Approximately 75% of four year olds and 50% of three year olds are enrolled in a preschool center, which is a statistically signifi arseholet contrast from 10% in the 1960s (Barnett, 2008).Not only has in that location been an increase of children enrolled in public preschools, but also in private preschools (Barnett, 2008). This increase may be attributed to the need for childcare as the work force shifted from a single income to dual income household or the desire to equip children with the necessary skills to help them in their educational career (Barnett & Yarosz, 2007). Winter and Kelley (2008) reported that many early childhood teachers found that nearly one-third of their students were deficient in certain areas that were sure to seal off their educational success (p.260). at that place have been many studies conducted to try and define the impact of preschool on a childs development. Researchers have studied chieftain bring down programs across the country, the High/Scope Perry Preschool, the Child Parent Center in Chicago among others, and child care facilities. Early Childhood Education research has shown that preschool has a n impact on a childs cognitive and social development, with the greatest impact on minority and disadvantaged children. Developing Brain.Most parents and educators know that a childs brain, from birth to approximately five years of age, is exceptionally vulner fitted to the learning of new skills and concepts. Winter and Kelley (2008) state that the neural connections or synapses develop at a phenomenal rate during this time which aids in developing a foundation for later skill acquisition (p. 263). delinquent to the brains extreme susceptibility during the preschool years, not only do preschoolers develop cognitive skills they need, but also socio-emotional skills.Mai, Tardif, Doan, Liu, Gehring, and Luo (2011) conducted a study of positive and negative feedback in preschoolers, which showed that preschoolers are more responsive to positive feedback than to negative feedback (p. 5). They concluded that the importance of the amount of positive feedback was signifi trickt enough tha t it may stimulate preschoolers desire to learn (Mai, et al, 2011). Researchers have found that during this early period of childhood development, children are able to boost gross motor skills and acquire language (Winter & Kelley, 2008, p.262). Due to the unique nature of the brain during preschool years, experiences or lack of bunghole impede child development (Winter & Kelley, 2008, p. 263). In a study conducted by Burger (2012), a toddlers functional computer memory can positively impact a childs behavior and has a positive influence over a childs maths and reading ability (p. 210). A young childs brain, if stimulated inappropriately, can have an adverse impact on cognitive and social development. A childs cognitive development is connected to their social development.Willis and Schiller (2011) propose that positive early experiences promote optimum brain development, which impacts all areas of development (para. 1). Impact of Government Preschool Programs In 1965, the Head break program was created in an effort to provide an array of social, health, and educational services for young children and their families (Winter & Kelley, 2008, p. 261). This program is federally funded and targets underprivileged children. Underprivileged children are more susceptible to fall behind or to not complete their education collect to lack of early education intervention.There is documentation that shows that minorities and poor children struggle with language, literacy, social, and other skills needed (Child Tr blockades & Center for Child Health Research, 2004 Early et al, 2007), than children who are not underprivileged (Winter & Kelley, 2008, p. 260). Burger (2009) reports that a majority of children from depressive disorder socio-economic backgrounds are more likely to experience grade repetition, to require additional educational assistance throughout their school career, or ultimately become utmost school dropouts (p. 142).Ludwig and Phillips (2007) reported the findings of an evaluation completed by Garces, Thomas, and Currie (2002) that compared siblings, either attending or not attending the Head aim Program (p. 4). They wrote that the sibling that be Head Start were 22% more likely to graduate and 19% more likely to seek higher education (p. 4). The National Impact excogitate (NIS) is one of the most in depth study on the Head Start program, and involves a random compilation of children enrolled in Head Start throughout the country between the ages of three and four years old (Pianta, Barnett, Burchinal, & Thornburg, 2009, p.59).This study showed that there was minor cognitive and social growth over a guild month period. Barnett (2008) reported an increase of 0. 20 standard deviations on cognitive development and a decrease of 0. 05 standard deviations in negative social behavior, such as hyperactivity for three year olds (p. 6). However, upon completing a follow up on the study, the cognitive benefits gained by the children w ere no longer observed at the end of their kindergarten school year (Pianta, Barnett, Burchinal, & Thornburg, 2009, p.59).Parents reported positive changes in their childs dental and physical health and the research indicates an increase of 0. 12 standard deviations (Barnett, 2008, p. 6). There was a case of four year olds that experienced greater cognitive development. This was illustrated by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, which had an increase of 0. 20-0. 27 standard deviations (Barnett, 2008, p. 7). The Tulsa Head Start program was designed with a vision to help children develop skills for school readiness.This preschool program is funded by the state and is a part of the Tulsa unexclusive School organization therefore, teachers must possess a Bachelor of Art horizontal surface and have a certification in early childhood education (Gormley, Phillips, & Gayer, 2008). The Tulsa Head Start program study compared the Tulsa Public School (TSP) pre-kindergarten against the Tuls a Head Start program. The study showed that the TSP pre-kindergarteners showed vast improvement in letter-word identification, spelling, and applied problems, whereas the Tulsa Head Start preschoolers results were deemed notable (Gormley, Phillips, & Gayer, 2008). slice Head Start programs are supposed to adhere to a national standard (Pianta, et al, 2009), many do not have the same requirements (p. 55). Pianta and his colleagues (2009) rationalise that most teachers working for Head Start programs make less(prenominal) than $26,000 per year, with the exception of Tulsa Head Start whose teachers earn a regular teacher salary (p. 55). This may explain why the results of the Tulsa Head Start studies are not typical compared to other Head Start studies (Barnett, 2008, p. 7). Teacher qualifications of the Head Start employees may have an impact on the low levels of development observed of children in the program.Before 2011 Head Start teachers (excluding the Tulsa Head Start teachers) were not required to obtain an associate degree and directors did not have to possess a bachelor degree (Pianta, et al, 2009). However, Pianta and his colleagues (2009) report that by the year 2013, at least half of all Head Start teachers will be required to obtain a bachelors degree (p. 55). Because the Head Start studies were conducted in variable locations and on a descriptor of children, it is difficult to pinpoint the exact impact of cognitive and social development for each child.The rate of attendance also varies on location. Some Head Start programs have fewer than five days of scheduled class per week, while others attend the program five days a week during an entire school year (Pianta, et al, 2009, p. 54). Major successes of the Head Start programs appear to be achieving higher educational levels and improved health for children. The Head Start program reduced the deathrate rate of children between the ages of five and nine years old (Barnett, 2008, p. 8) and provided a cognitive advantage in school achievement (Reynolds & Ou, 2011, p.556). There were no superior impacts on childrens social development throughout the Head Start studies. The program, however, has received conflicting reviews. Williams (2010) explains that because there is no orderly way to measure the personal effects of this program, there have been reports of positive short-term gains in cognitive functioning (p. 4) and the program has received criticism for only producing short term benefits (Williams, 2010, p. 4). Impact of Public Preschool Another option for children is a public preschool program.There are public preschools that function similar to the Head Start program, in which they target children from low income families. The belief credentials of preschool teachers differ from other educators in the public school system and vary throughout diverse states. The requirements for public preschool teachers range from possessing a Child Development Associate (CDA) to a bac helors degree (Pianta, et al, 2009, p. 55). Public preschool programs tend to be successful in the area of cognitive and social development due to the increase of attention from the teacher (Barnett, 2008, p.8).The topic of teacher quality in preschools is of a major concern and can have a direct impact on childhood development. Winter and Kelley (2008) explain that the development of a childs social behavior correlates with the quality of the teacher (p. 263). The most significant research on public preschools stems from the High/Scope Perry Preschool study. In this study that lasted for two years, approximately 130 children, minority and underprivileged, were either enrolled in a half-day preschool or appoint to a control group (Barnett, 2008, p. 9).These participants were chosen by the following criteria low levels of parent education, socioeconomic status, and low intellectual performance (Williams, 2010, p. 4). The results were astounding. Barnett (2008) reported that language and staple fibre cognitive skills increased by approximately 0. 90 standard deviations (p. 9). The cognitive advantage was short-lived as children from the control group were caught up during kindergarten (Barnett, 2008, p. 9) however, Reynolds and Ou (2011) determined that there was an advantage on educational attainment (p. 556).The Perry study also showed evidence of social development in later years. The students demonstrated appropriate classroom etiquette, had commence levels of delinquency, and a higher rate of commencement (Barnett, 2008, p. 9). Burger (2009) explained that the Perry study is unique in nature due to the environment of the classroom (para. 5. 2). He added that preschools similar to the Perry preschool have low child-to-staff ratios (Burger, 2009, para. 5. 2), so teachers are able to be readily available to their students. Another influential study on preschool impact is the Child Parent Center (CPC) study on a preschool in Chicago.This program was directed more for children from the ages of three to nine years old (Williams, 2010, p. 5). This preschool is tailored to low-income families that includes a half-day preschool, kindergarten, and a follow-on elementary school component (Barnett, 2008, p. 11). The results of all CPC studies were positive for impact on childrens cognitive development (Barnett, 2008, p. 12). The CPC study showed that participating preschoolers had higher test scores up until eighth grade, a reduction of delinquency, and observed an increase in the percentage of high school graduates (Pianta, Barnett, Burchinal, & Thornburg, 2009,p. 62).Reynolds and Ou (2011) also evaluated the CPC study and found that former students tend to have less risk of experiencing depression and generally have higher occupational stature (p. 558). The National Institute for Early Education Research (NIEER) reports that the Abbott Preschool Program has had a horrendous effect on child development as measured in 2005 and 2006 with the Abbot Preschool Program Longitudinal Study (APPLES) (Study of Abbott, 2007). The Abbott Preschool was opened in 1999 and was put in place to serve the highest-poverty school districts (Study of Abbott, 2007) in the state of New Jersey (Study of Abbott, 2007).This preschool program showed positive cognitive growth in their students through their kindergarten year. The students enrolled showed significant achievements in English, reading, and math (Study of Abbott, 2007). This program not only measured student progress, but also took into account the quality of the classroom. The study found a significant increase in child learning, language and reasoning, activities and moveions, and program structure (Study of Abbott, 2007). Other studies of public preschools provided results depicting social development and school preparedness (Barnett, 2008, p.10).Pickens (2009) explains that public preschool programs show a positive impact on childrens behavior outcomes, especially for children living in poverty (Barnett, 1995 Peterson & Zill, 1986). In the preschool setting, children are exposed to other children from different backgrounds, different personalities and different ethnicities. During this time in childhood development, children begin to learn social behavior. Pickens (2009) explains that these social behaviors are influenced by their teachers and classmates (p. 263).Participation in the preschool setting allows children to learn how to interact with classmates and encounter situations that can mold their cognitive development (Willis & Schiller, 2011). Attending a preschool class helps to enable a child to learn to regulate their emotions, communicate effectively with others, cooperate with others, and to follow directions (Pickens, 2009, p. 263). Children model what they see. Pickens (2009) urges educators and parents to assist children in developing healthy behaviors in an effort to avoid a negative path of behavioral and schoolman issues (p. 264).Impac t of Child Care Facilities Child care facilities can consist of home-based child care or child development centers (with some centers offering half-day preschool programs). These facilities are normally center-based and care for infants from six weeks old to three year olds (Pickens, 2009, p. 262). Child care facilities were found to have the smallest initial effects on childrens learning and development (Barnett, 2008), while home-based daycare had no effect on building cognitive skills (p. 5). This is not to say that all home-based daycares are not able to provide some cognitive benefit to children.If a home-based child care program is well-developed and provides a high-quality (Winter & Kelley, 2008), then children are more likely to benefit cognitively (p. 263). This high-quality can also make a difference in child care centers. The National Institute of Child Health (NICHD) and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) showed that higher quality care(Belsky, Burchinal, McCartney, Vandell, Clarke-Stewart, & Tresch Owen, 2007) had a positive impact on childrens vocabulary skills (p. 681).The NICHD SECCYD conducted future evaluations and found that some effects wore off at four and a half years old, while when evaluated in third grade the children had higher scores on standardized tests of math, memory, and vocabulary skills (Belsky, et al, 2007). The cognitive long-term benefits of attending child care may result in an increase in household income caused by working mothers however, working mothers tend to spend less time with their children (Barnett, 2008). Just like preschool, child care can benefit underprivileged children.Belsky et al (2007) stated that child care can serve as an effective intervention for low-income children (Hart & Risley, 1995) that live in a household lacking in literary skills (p. 697). Barnett (2008) mentioned that some studies show an actual regression of social development as children were more pr one to be aggressive (p. 6). Winter and Kelley (2008) also report that the amount of time a child spends in child care has an impact of negative behaviors when they reach elementary school (p. 263). Others believe that a childs negative behavior is may correlate with the amount of time spent in day care.Pianta and his colleagues (2009) found that children who spent the least amount of hours in day care had less troublesome behavior (p. 58). Just as the quality of the Head Start and preschool teacher had an impact on the child, so does the caregiver at a child care center. The lack of academic qualifications of child care workers or lack of academically challenging curriculum can attribute to the small cognitive development observed in children who attend child care versus a more academically centered program.Meyers (2007) reports that the approximately two and a half million child care teachers are some of the lowest paid, only earning approximately $18,000 annually (para. 1). This is significantly lower than other early education teachers. The cognitive and social impacts on children are strongly related to child-to-teacher ratio, total number of children in a room, and the teachers qualifications (Clothier & Poppe, 2007). However, it has been noted that the amount of attention the caregiver offers to the child can have an impact on their social and cognitive development (Pianta, Barnett, Burchinal, & Thornburg, 2009, p.58). Conclusion There are noticeable short-term and long-term impacts on a childs development, cognitively and socially, with the aid of early childhood education programs. Because the brain is vulnerable at this age it is in these years that children experience dramatic improvements (Mai, et al, 2011) in their cognitive and social abilities. The government funded program, Head Start, has indicated that while children do show immediate, moderate growth in cognitive development, social benefits were not as prominent.This program has proven to b e beneficial to children from low- income families, as it has resulted in improved literacy, language skills and an increased rate of commencement. Preschool studies have also shown an increase in reading and mathematics ability and in some cases extending into elementary school years. The social benefits of a preschool education have had an even longer impact on a childs future behavioral issues.There is a vast amount of research that shows that the early years of a childsdevelopment can influence future success (Winter & Kelley, 2008), so federal and state policy makers should not depart from preschool education models that have proven highly effective (Barnett, 2008). It is important that in order for preschool programs, government-funded and public, to continue to be effective in child development, the need for well-designed programs is a must (Barnett, 2008). These well-designed programs must demand a high tidal bore of teachers that have formal post-secondary education in th e area of early childhood development.Preschools should be prepared meet the needs of the variety of students from different backgrounds and be able to give children in need more of a priority (Barnett, 2008). More research on the impact of early childhood education is needed, due to the varying types of programs that are currently in place. References Barnett, W. S. (2008). Preschool education and its lasting effects Research and policy implications. Boulder and Tempe Education and the Public Interest Center & Education form _or_ system of government Research Unit. Retrieved September 12, 2012 from http//epicpolicy. org/publication/preschooleducation Barnett, W. S., & Yarosz, D. J. (2007).Who goes to preschool and why does it matter? Preschool Policy Brief, 15, p. 2. Retrieved October 8, 2012 from http//nieer. org/resources/policybriefs/15. pdf Belsky, J. , Vandell, D. L. , Burchinal, M. , Clarke-Stewart, K. A. , McCartney, K. , Owen, M. T. , & the NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2007). Are there long-term effects of early child care? Child Development, 78, p. 681701. Burger, K. (2010). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds.Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 25, 140-165. doi 10. 1016/j. ecresq. 2009. 11. 001 Gormley, W. T. , Phillips, D. , & Gayer, T. (2008). The early years Preschool programs can boost school readiness. Science. 320(5884), p. 1723-1724. doi10. 1126/science. 1156019 Ludwig, J. , & Phillips, D. (2007). The benefits and cost of head start. Society for Research on Child Development, Social Policy Report. 21(3), p. 3-19 Mai, X. , Tardif, T. , Doan, S. N. , Lui, C. , Gehring, W. J. , & Luo, Y. (2011). Brain activity elicited by positive and negative feedback in preschool-aged children.PLoS ONE. 6(4), e18774. doi 10. 1371/journal. pone. 0018774 Meyers, M. K. (2007). Child-care pay, child-care q uality Decent early childhood education requires well-trained and compensated educators. The American Prospect 18(12), A18. Pianta, R. C. , Barnett, S. W. , Burchinal, M. , Thornburg, K. R. (2009). The effects of preschool education What we know, how public policy is or is not aligned with the evidence base, and what we need to know. mental Science in the Public Interest. 10(2), p. 49-88. doi 10. 1177/1529100610381908 Pickens, J. (2009).Socio-emotional programme promotes positive behaviour in preschoolers. Child Care in Practice. 15(4), p. 261-278. doi 10. 1080/13575270903149323 Reynolds, A. J. , & Ou, S. (2011). Paths of effects from preschool to adult eudaimonia A confirmatory analysis of the child-parent center program. Child Development. 82(2). p. 555-582. doi10. 1111/j. 1467-8624. 2010. 01562. x Study of abbott preschool program finds positive effects. (2007, August/September). Preschool Matters. Retrieved September 28, 2010 from http//nieer. org/publications/preschool-matter s-newsletters/volume-5-number-4 Williams, J.(2010).Assessment of quality preschool schedule (Doctoral Dissertation). Retrieved September 28, 2012 from ProQuest. (UMI3413253) Willis, C. A. , & Schiller, P. (2011). Preschoolers social skills steer life success. YC Young Children, 66(1), 42-49. Retrieved September 24, 2012 from http//search. proquest. com/docview/874155104? accountid=12085 Winter, S. M. , & Kelley, M. F. (2008). Forty years of school readiness research. Childhood Education, 84(5), 260-260. Retrieved September 12, 2012 from http//search. proquest. com. ezproxy. liberty. edu2048/docview/210412708/fulltextPDF? accountid=12085.

Collective unconscious Essay

Carl Jung was born in Kesswyl, Thurgau, Switzerland on July 26, 1875. His father was kind but weak, while his mother was an insecure woman but with two personalities (a) kind and kind (b) harsh and aloof. Jung was l matchlessly at childhood making him introvert. In 1906 he published The Psychology of Dementia Praecox, a psychoanalytic treatment of schizophrenia. He setoff met Freud in 1907 and Freud regarded Jung as his son and they travelled and worked together that lasted until 1913. Freud and Jung had an argument that ended their friendship.Freud con boldnessred it as the Great Loss. Jung is the first president of International Psychoanalytic Society. Jung launch his own school of psychology named Analytical Psychology. Jung begun the structure of personality and made the ego, personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Dynamics of Personality Carl Jung conceived that the personality or psyche as being a partially closed energy system. Energy from the outside sources m ust be added into the system and the system allow for save be perfect and stabilized if it is completely closed.He called psychic energy as the energy by which the work of personality is performed. Psyche refers to all mental functiones thoughts, feelings, sensations, wishes, etc. It is also another term for personality. Principle of Equivalence states that if a particular value weakens the sum of the energy represented by the value will not be lost from the psyche but will reappear in a new value. Principle of Entropy states that the distribution of energy in the psyche seeks equilibrium and balance. Structure of Personality.1. Ego it is ones conscious mind. It serves as the organized conscious mediator between the person and reality especially by functioning both in the perception of and adaptation to reality. 2. Personal unconscious the material in the personal unconscious comes from the individuals past. It lie f experiences that was once conscious but pack been repre ssed. 3. Collective unconscious is the part of the collective psyche that is unconscious. It is the storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from ones ancestral past.Archetypes it is the universal thought form or predisposition to respond to the world in a certain way. It emphasizes potentialities it represents different potential slipway in which we may express our humanities. The Self it represents the unity of all parts of the personality. It is the central archetype. Self Ultimate unity of personality (the central archetype) Persona veil or Social Role Shadow Animal instincts or the opposite of Persona Anima Feminine side of male psyche Animus Masculine side of the female psyche.The Persona refers to the social role that one assumes in society. It is a mask that one wears to adjust to the demands of society. The Shadow encompasses those unsocial thoughts, feelings and behaviours that we potentially posses and other characteristics that we do not want to accept. The An ima feminine side of the male psyche. The Animus masculine side of the female psyche. Word association a test used by Jung to detect complexes. The test is composed of a list of words as each word is presented, the patient responds with the first word that comes to his or her mind.Complexes an organized theme of thoughts, feelings and memories about a particular concept that has power to draw new ideas into it and interpret them accordingly. Basic Attitudes Extroverted attitude a standpoint characterized by an external flowing of personal energy an interest in events, in people and things, a relationship with them, and a dependence on them. Introverted attitude characterized by an inward flowing of personal energya withdrawal concentrating on subjective factors. The Four FunctionsThinking gives meaning and understanding actions atomic number 18 a subject of an intellectually considered motive life is based on principles. Feeling a rational function that weighs, values, an d attaches a proper value to things. Truth is seen as inter-subjectivity. horse sense emphasis on perception through the senses. It is a reality functions because it yields facts and the representations of the world. Intuition tells of future possibilities and gives information of the atmosphere which surrounds experience. Causality vs.Teleology For Jung both past and the future standpoints are important in determine the present behaviour. Teleology explains the present in terms of the future while causality explains the present in terms of the past. Individuation process of restoring wholeness to the psyche in adult development. Transcendence Function is capacity to unite all of the opposing trends of the several systems to work toward the perfect wholeness. Self acknowledgment is process of development that involves individuation and transcendence.In the process, the systems of the psyche achieve their fullest most complete differentiation and harmonious blending of all asp ects of a humans total personality. Strengths Jungs theory as the first to discuss the process of self actualization. He was the first to emphasize the importance of the future in determining human behaviour. He stressed the attainment of selfhood as the main motive in human behaviour. Weaknesses Jungs method was not systematic and puts too a great deal emphasis on occultism, spiritualism and religion. His theory was said to be unscientific, unclear, inconsistent and contradictory.His self actualization is only applicable to the highly intelligent, well educated and those who have plenty of time to reach a degree of individualism. Sources Engler, B. (2006). Personality Theories An Introduction. USA Houghton Mifflin Company. Hall, C. , Gardner, L. (1975). Theories of Personality. USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Burger, J. (2008). Personality. Belmont, California, Wadsworth Clonniger, S. (2004). Theories of Personality Understanding Persons. USA Pearson Prentice Hall Mitchell, G. Carl Ju ng & Jungian Analytical Psychology. Retrieved from http//www. trans4mind. com/mind-development/jung. html

Procedure for Protecting Clients Patients and Colleagues from Harm Essay

The Mayors role as the executive of the strategic dominance for capital of the United Kingdom is to promote scotch development and wealth creation, social development, and the improvement of the environment. The Mayor also has a number of other duties in relation to socialization and tourism, including responsibility for Trafalgar Square and Parliament Square. The Mayor has a range of specific powers and duties, and a general power to do anything that will promote economic and social development, and environmental improvement, in London. Before using many of his powers the Mayor must consult with Londoners, and in all cases, the Mayor must promote par of opportunity.The Greater London Authority Act 2007 supplemented and updated the GLA Act 1999 and granted some additional powers to the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The Mayor sets out plans and policies for London masking piece transport, planning and development, housing, economic development and regeneration, culture , health inequalities, and a range of environmental issues including climate change, biodiversity, ambient noise, waste disposal and air quality. These individual plans fit together to help interpret the Mayors policies. Between them, these plans must also contribute to sustainable development and thehealth of Londoners.The mayor of London has been accused of failing to deliver on a range of climate change policies during his four-year term in office, as new figures reveal he has spent just half of an 84m fountain reckon. Londons Green Party assembly member Darren Johnson today revealed that Boris Johnson will have underspent on environmental policies every year since being elected mayor in May 2008, meaning he has used 40m of a total 84m cypher.But Jones said the mayor ditched the 2012 target because he had blown the budget by investing in eight new hop-on-hop-off Routemaster buses, at a cost of 11.37m. I think his new vanity bus has blown the budget for ensuring all buses are hybrids, she said. Instead of eight prototype buses, we could have had another 96 low-polluting hybrids on our roads. Pound for pound this is a bad deal for Londons environment.The GLA Act 1999 gives the Mayor responsibility to produce a Municipal Waste Management Strategy for London. Londons Wasted Resource, the first gulping strategy for consultation with the London Assembly and functional bodies, was launched on 18 January 2010. A second draft will be published for public consultation in summer 2010, and the final strategy will be published in late 2010/early 2011.

Education in a cosmopolitan Society Essay

Multiethnicalism is being challenged by new theories of cosmopolitanism. Discuss in affinity to education. Theories of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism have had a doubtful effect on Australian curriculum and education. Issues such as racism and secularisation have been a prominent feature of discussion in relation to the way it shapes the Australian curriculum and the shaping of our society. Multicultural education has been incorporated into the Australian curriculum since 1983. Rooted into the curriculum were multicultural perspectives and intercultural education, as an attempt to potpourri attitudes towards a multicultural society. Multiculturalism, in this sense, is ideologically inscribed in the very core of the new Australia(Ang, I. & Stratton, 1998). In Australia as in Canada, multiculturalism is a centrepiece of ordained government policy, that is, a top-bottom political strategy implemented by the state to improve the inclusion of ethnic minorities within the national culture and to manage cultural diversity. (Ang, I. & Stratton, 1998) Since its introduction multiculturalism has been a policy that worked to accommodate the needs of immigrants. Multiculturalism became a theory that expressed the personality of the emergent ethno-cultural diversity of society in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Although in theory, multiculturalism preaches equality, the development of self-awareness and self-worth, society has been faced with several problems in regards to the practice of multiculturalism in Australian curriculum. Some of these problems stem from the mentality where Social groups taking into custody together and exclude an otherwise(prenominal)s and also labelling on the basis of stereotypes occurs. It has also seen to have many benefits like the decrease of cultural based racism and an awareness of other cultures.Multicultural policies are constantly challenged and changing in Australia due to emerging cosmopolitan ideas and the w ay that these ideas shape the changing education curriculum in schools. The cardinal different types of cosmopolitanism include political, moral and cultural cosmopolitanism. Differing from multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism acknowledges the fact that cultures can change and their mode of orientation to the world can also change so that peck can develop a cosmopolitan disposition for themselves in the form of self-transformation. Wheremulticulturalism has problems of selectiveness, cosmopolitanism maintains indifference to labels and stereotypes to create a diverse atmosphere. Cosmopolitanism pursues to assume transformations in cultural standards with the education of self-awareness, agency and identity. Together with education, cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism contributes to modelling a inclusive society. Delanty (2006) states, The critical aspect of cosmopolitanism concerns the internal transformation of social and cultural phenomena through self-problematisation and plural isation. It is in the interplay of self, other and world that cosmopolitan processes come into play. Without a learning process, that is an internal cognitive transformation, it makes little sense in calling something cosmopolitan. As used here, the term refers to a developmental change in the social world arising out of competing cultural models.This suggests a procedural conception of the social. Cosmopolitan learning is not so such(prenominal) concerned with imparting knowledge and developing attitudes and skills for understanding other cultures per se but with helping students examine these, but with helping students examine the ways in which global processes are creating conditions of economic and cultural exchange that are transforming our identities and communities. (Rizvi 2009265-266) Cosmopolitan learning stresses the idea that education is a crucial element in livelihood the transformation of individuals and culture. It helps to move away from the us versus them percepti on that developed through multiculturalism. Educators should support students to explore the cosmopolitan ideas of global interconnectivity and individuality. This cosmopolitan view will modify students to connect locally built practices of cultural exchange to the wider practices of globalization. Cosmopolitan learning when incorporated into an already multicultural society and curriculum can help to strike a level of interconnectedness and acceptance, also to maintain a diverse and open minded curriculum based learning.ReferencesAng, I. & Stratton, J. (1998) Multiculturalism in Crisis The New Politics of ladder and National Identity in Australia. Topia Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 2, 22-41 Delanty, G. (2006). The cosmopolitan imagination critical cosmopolitanism and social theory. The British Journal of Sociology, 57(1),25-47. Leeman, Y. & Reid, C. (2006). Multi/Intercultural Education in Australia and the Netherlands. contrast A Journal of Comparative Education, 36(1) , 57-72 Rizvi, F. (2008). Epistemic Virtues and Cosmopolitan Learning Radford Lecture, Adelaide Australia 27 November 2006. The Australian Educational Researcher, 35(1), 13-35 Sobe, N. W. (2009). Rethinking Cosmopolitanism as an Analytic for the Comparative Study of Globalization and Education. authentic Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 6-13 Spisak, S. (2009). The Evolution of a Cosmopolitan Identity Transforming Culture. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 86-91 Werbner, P. (2006). Vernacular cosmopolitanism. Theory, Culture & Society, 23(2-3), 496-498

Importance of reflective practice Essay

A load of research has been done on study and ponderive perpetrate and its effectiveness on the practitioners and one of the first people to research think overive Practice was Donald Schon in his book The thoughtful Practitioner in 1983. Schon was an influential writer on chiding and had two main ways of identifying ruminativeness and they were reflection in action and reflection on action. The practitioner allows himself to experience surprise, puzzlement, or confusion in a situation which he finds uncertain or unique. He reflects on the phenomenon before him, and on the prior understandings which bemuse been implicit in his behaviour. He carries out an look into which serves to generate both a new understanding of the phenomenon and a stir in the situation. (Schon 1983)Reflective practice has been described as paying unfavourable attention to the practical values and theories which inform everyday actions, by examining practice reflectively and reflexively. This leads to developmental insight. (www.wikipedia.org, 3rd Jan 2011). reflection is an important part of the learning process and is needed for effective learning. Reflection is a form of self-awareness and learners that nooky reflect are better able to understand themselves and the learning process. Reflection can help us control over our own learning and achievements. Reflection leads to learning from experience and outlines strengths and weaknesses by completing action plans to ply on weaknesses leave alone lead to continued learning and changement. Rogers (1996,) states Reflection on experience to action forms a large part of the learning process. The process of reflection helps the practitioner to assess, understand and gain effledge through experience leading to potential improvement and change. This is a positive process that lets me go over and examine and because evaluate so I can develop as a learner and a youth worker.The ability to reflect on practice helps me to convey my needs and then I plan to meet those needs so I can develop my innovative and learning skills. To assist the learning process, reflection can be a powerful tool to help identify strengths and weaknesses. To develop new skills as a learner I must reflect upon experience to access my own performances and plan for my future needs. Reece and Walker (2000, p.7) states What is not so natural but very important is that reflection takes infinite to turn back learning from experience takes place. To reflect uponmy own experiences and to develop my own needs I have evaluated as a learner and as a youth worker. world-class I must identify my own preferred learning style as everyone learns in different ways. There are numerous ways to establish your preferred way of learning and as supported by Reece and Walker (2000, p.9) All students are individuals and no two students learn the resembling way. It is important to indicate my learning style in order for me to achieve my highest potentia l. To identify my learning style will outline my strengths and weaknesses.Rogers (1996, p.116) states that Learning takes place in a number of different domains and different strategies are called into play to cope with different types of learning. Identifying my strengths and weaknesses is important so that I can reflect on the outcome and then improve my skills Kolb (1984) provides one of the most useful descriptive models available of the adult learning process. He suggests that there are quad stages in learning which follow on from each other. Concrete experience is followed by reflection on the experience on a personal basis. This whitethorn then be followed by the application of general rules describing the experience, or the application of known surmisal to it and hence to the experimentation, leading in turn to the next concrete experience. All this may happen in a flash, overnight, over days, or over weeks and months, depending on the topic, and there may be a wheel with in wheels process at the same time. (http//www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htm) By reviewing my progress and continuing to aim at my targets I am progressing through the learning cycle, which is important for me to improve on my self-assessing from experience, reflection, learning styles and development of skills.As I am relatively new to this area of work it is also important to reflect as a youth worker in order for me to be effective and capable within my job. It is necessary for me to reflect on my experiences so far from the year and a half I have spent in college and its important for me to continually highlight areas for development bit I am on placement. First I must identify the strengths and skills I have acquired and then to plan my development needs. My role requires me develop plans to suit the service users I feel my contemporary qualifications and experience will develop after my placement. I also feel it is essential to enhance my current knowledge of youth and community work and superintend my progress. I think the important thing to remember is that I am reflecting for my owndevelopment.Learning from class mates and lectures has also been an important method for change in professional practice. Current educational work in this area emphasises the need for safe learning frameworks where the voices of learners and professionals can be really heard and in person responded to. This has brought mutual learning and benefits for the professional and learners experience. (Taylor 2009) I feel that talking and thinking together about what is going on can make a largish difference to my experience on placement and in the learning environment. Reflection is a way that I can make sense of experiences I have had, either with service users and/or colleagues. When I reflect I begin to make out the main points in detail of an experience, what it tells me about my own skills, wherefore it happens perhaps, what I did well and a plan for wh at I might do differently in future.Reflective practice involves thinking about how I preformed and psychoanalyze my actions with the aim of improving professional practice. I reflect to identify learning needs this is that we may not meet the needs of our clients needs due to lamentable knowledge base. Reflective practice also helps identify new opportunities for learning. Identify ways in which we learn best, personal development professional development. It helps us be aware not to get into a set routine, for every clients case is different to the next. Develops awareness of consequences of our actions for example what we say in response to a client may make the situation worse. Regular reflection helps us build theory and most of all it allows us to access what worked well and what doesnt work well, and to learn from our mistakes and successes. Critically reflective practice is important for the student on work practice. If a student did not use critical reflection while on p ractice placement one would have bad quality of practice.Critically reflective practice looks beliefs and assumptions one may have that they did not know of. This is important on practice placement as it deals with discrimination. Racism, sexism, and ageism. It is also important for students as it helps one become more self-aware, on the grounds of a loving and political context. It is important as it tunes in the student to issues clients face, provides answers and solutions. (The critically reflective, 2008). Reflective practice is important on work placement formany reasons. The adaption of a reflective approach helps the development of a professional. Continuous professional development is adapting an approach in which the person uses their creativeness, and also uses a critical eye. (Peoples skills, 2009). Reflective practice is also important as the student can use professional accountability during practice placement. This means workers are accountable for their decisions.Th ey are responsible. Practitioners need theory to back up their decisions and choices. They make and also justify them. Professional accountability requires theory based arguments to account for the practitioners action. Inappropriate responses are consequences of not using reflective practice properly. Inappropriate responses cannot be used using common sense, as it may cause misinterpretations. Inappropriate responses also improver the chances of the practitioner to react in a way that does not help the client in any aspect. It also worsens the situation. Reflective practice consists of a proactive approach, and using theory and ones knowledge as a framework for effectiveness. Reflective practice is important for the student on practice placement for these reasons. (Peoples skills, 2009).In conclusion, I found the importance of critical and reflection in any practice and it is an approach to professional practice that emphasizes the need for practitioners to avoid standardised, fo rmula responses to the situations they encounter. Reflection is a window through which the practitioner can view and focus self within the context of their own lived experience.ReferencesThompson N. People Skills second edition Hampshire and one hundred seventy-five Fifth Avenue New York, Palgrave Macmillan (2002) Thompson S. & Thompson N. The Critically Reflective Practitioner Hampshire and 175 Fifth Avenue New York, Palgrave Macmillan (2008) Redmond, Bairbre. (2004) Reflection in Action Developing Reflective Practice in Health and Social Services. Aldershot, England Ashgate Share, P. & Lalor, K. (2009) Applied Social Care (2nd Ed). Dublin Gill & Macmillanhttp//www.learningandteaching.info/learning/experience.htmhttp//www.infed.org/thinkers/et-schon.htmhttp//www.itslifejimbutnotasweknowit.org.uk/files/whatisreflectivepractice.pdf

The Hill Reaction and Light Wattage

Wabash College The Effects of Light Wattage on the Rate of the Hill Reaction Mark Stoops 11/29/2012 insertion In the Hill Reaction lab we result be measuring the appraise of photosynthesis in light dependent reactions. The goal is to measure the mixture of absorbance of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) and assay the rate of the photosynthetic reactions exploitation this data. The Hill Reaction smoke be used to study photosynthesis because we can directly measure the rate of the reaction of photosynthesis using DCIP.The Hill Reaction is defined as the photo reduction of an electron acceptor by the hydrogen ions from water, which then produce oxygen. In naturally occurring reactions NADP+ is the utmost electron acceptor. In the Hill Reaction we will be using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) as an electron acceptor instead of NADP+. DCIP is blue in its oxidate deposit and is colorless in its reduced form. This tack in color can be utilized. As the photosynthetic reac tion proceeds the DCIP will become adjoin transp arent. This reduction in blue color leads to change in absorbance and can be measured by the spectrophotometer in lab.Using the Hill Reaction, we hypothesized that the amount of light,(change in wattage) affects the rate of change of absorbance of DCIP in solution. In order to test our hypothesis we set up the experiment with three different strengths of light (15W, 60W, 120W), as well as a light free, negative dominate. Each hunting expedition was conducted for ten minutes under similar conditions with a difference in wattage being the plainly variable. The negative control was conducted with no light to see how the reaction would proceed with no external influences. Having a control allows us to have a baseline of comparison for our three lighted runs.Due to the fact that light dependent reactions use light, we can predict that an subjoin in the amount of light will increase the rate of reaction of photosynthesis, thus lowerin g the absorbance. We can also predict that our control will have no change in absorption afterward a ten minute period without light. Method To begin the Hill Reaction we first isolated the chloroplasts. This was done by placing the pieces of gives into a mortar with 15ml of scum cold NaCl-buffer. The mixture was then ground for two minutes. After grinding the leaves we filtered the solution through 8 layers of cheesecloth.The juice was rung out and the solution intrust into a 15ml centrifugate tube. The solution was than centrifuged for one minute at 400xg. Then we decanted the supernatant into another clean, chilled centrifuge tube and spun it at 1000xg for 5 minutes. After the centrifuge process, we decanted the supernatant and suspended the pellet in 7ml of ice cold Nacl. This solution was kept on ice the entire time of experiment. To begin our runs we made a warm water bath for our solutions, then prepared the solutions shown in propose 1 below. NaCl buffer DCIP DI H2O C hloroplats (on ice) Blank 3. 5 ml - 1. 0ml 0. 5 mlControl 3. 5 ml 0. 5ml 0. 5ml 0. 5 ml Reaction 15W 3. 5 ml 0. 5ml 0. 5ml 0. 5 ml Reaction 60W 3. 5 ml 0. 5ml 0. 5ml 0. 5 ml Reaction 120W 3. 5 ml 0. 5ml 0. 5ml 0. 5 ml Figure 1. Experimental solutions to be prepared in lab. The blank solution was used to cypher our spectrophotometer. To zero our spectrophotometer, we used the instructions provided at the spectrophotometer. To prepare the control, we added all solutions shown above and then wrapped it in two layers of aluminum foil to completely block e very sources of light. After 10 minutes the control absorbance was tested to provide a negative control.We prepared the 15W, 60W, and 120W reaction tubes immediately before each respective run to avoid light pollution. The procedure we used to test each solution was to prepare the tube and place it 25cm from the source of light. Then, turn on the light and leave it on for a minute. Then at the minute mark the light was turned off and the clock stopped. The tube was placed in the spectrophotometer and a variant was taken. Then the tube was returned to the water bath, the light turned on, and the clock started. We followed this procedure for ten times for a total of 10 minutes for each solution.The unless difference between runs was the changing of electric light wattage. Results How does the amount of light affect the rate of reaction of photosynthesis and therefore absorbance of the DCIP solution? The data shown in Figure 2 is the results of three reaction runs and a negative control run. The time in minutes is shown on the left and the percent absorbance of the 15W, 60W, 120W, and negative control run are provided in the subsequent columns. Time (minutes) 15W %A 60W %A 120W %A Negative control 0 1. 1 0. 99 0. 89 1 1. 09 0. 945 0. 716 2 1. 08 0. 9 0. 55 3 1. 8 0. 815 0. 422 4 1. 07 0. 772 0. 322 5 1. 06 0. 702 0. 237 6 1. 07 0. 638 0. 176 7 1. 055 0. 578 0. 125 8 1. 05 0. 53 0. 088 9 1. 035 0. 464 0 . 064 10 1. 025 0. 408 0. 032 1. 11 Figure 2. selective information values for absorbance of DCIP solutions on a one minute basis. Also shown is the negative control with absorbance taken at 10 minutes. Figure 3 shows us a visual of the data in Figure 2. Figure 3. Time in minutes versus % absorbance of 15W, 60W, 120W, and negative control runs. Figure 4. The effect of bulb wattage on rate of absorbance. DiscussionOur results for our data runs show a common theme which is, the amount of light does have an effect on the rate of photosynthetic reaction. We can see by looking at the data in Figure 2 and depicted in Figure 3 that the amount of light has a direct influence on the rate of absorbance. The 15W run has a very small decline ending with a change in absorbance of only 7. 5%. The 60W bulb shows a change in absorbance of 58. 2%, and the 120W shows a change of 85. 8%, with a final absorption of almost 0. As shown in Figure 4, the rates of change of the 15W, 60W, and 120W runs are 0. 75%, 5. 8%, and 13. 06 % absorbance/minute respectively.These results show that the higher the wattage, the faster DCIP turns clear, and the faster photosynthesis proceeds. Although the total change and rate of change of the 120W bulb are greatest, the reaction slows dump towards the end of the run, as shown in Figure 3. This subnormality of the reaction means that the amount of DCIP in its reduced state is very high, and can no extended accept electrons. This corresponds to Figure 3 because the absorbance is 3. 2% at the end. Which show a very low level of DCIP in the oxidized state. If the DCIP is no longer oxidized it cant accept electrons which is a vital step in the light dependent reaction.Therefore we expect to observe a slowing of the reaction, and this is seen in Figure 3. The positive and negative controls give us a reference to compare our results to. In our case the 60W run is our positive control and is used in our data runs as a part of our data. It shows a linea r decline in absorbance providing a solid point of reference for a normally functioning system. The negative control provides a reference to a non-functioning Hill Reaction. The negative control shows a system without light and shows that the system will not react without sunlight. It also provides a base for 100% absorbance for each run.In conclusion our data does support our hypothesis and our prediction. As shown in the results, a change in the amount of light will produce a change in rate of the photosynthetic reaction. We predicted that a higher wattage will increase the rate. This was indeed shown in figure 2, with the 120W bulb showing the highest rate of reaction, and the 15W bulb with the slowest rate of synthetic reaction. Also we predicted that the negative control would show no reaction without light. This was supported as shown in Figure 2 with no change in absorption over the 10 min period.To test if the slowing of the reaction is due to a shortage of oxidized DCIP in solution, and not from high wattage, I would run each experiment again for a longer period of time. By doing this it would allow each run to reach a lower absorption. At this low absorption we would expect the rate to slow down due to the lack of oxidized DCIP. If this were true, each wattage would show the same slowing effect at low absorption. If the slowing of the reaction is not observed, the change would be due to a different reason such as a high wattage reducing DCIPs functionality over time. References Biology 111 testing ground Manual. 2012

Lady macbeth suicide letter

A blade tearing through skin enervate skin.. Then the color, it was so vivid. As if you were staring at the sun with your bare eyes and they caught fire. And the feeling. Warm, dripping down my hands, take upping into my clothes. I find I am no longer able to walk without slipping on the pools of blood that cover my bedroom floor. There is no escape. Not so far in sleep. I was overwhelmed by ambition. Thane Of Castor King The very though made me shake with excitement but now I can just now tremble with fear.Your letter announcing you had become THANE OF CASTOR was he spark that illuminate a flame of my ambition. I whop you.. But Im not the only one falling isolated here Youd be lying if you said you werent. And us together, were falling apart. We only have catheter to trust however you no longer have trust in me. This path we have chosen.. Its not like we imagined it to me. We loathed power, status and respect. Weve received betrayal and hatred. All thats left is the screams o f a mother and her children, that wont leave my head.I have drop down into an empty abyss and cannot find any counseling out . This depression has taken me as a hostage and no one can rescue me, no matter how hard they try. I dont see a light at the end of this tunnel. I can only hope that in death provide find peace. Life here is just no longer bearable. Im exhausted this depression has become so insidious that can no longer see my future. You may view me as a coward but believe I am more brave and courageous then 10 Of you combined, so dont you even begin to view me like that. Remember I helped you get here so dont waste it.This isnt the path we had planned for.. But I can only believe my death will help clear it for you. I refuse to live life in fear any longer and the only way to achieve that is by not living. I know youll understand. Though now it may not shine as bright, promise to keep your ambition lit and dont ever let anyone blow it out. Dont let them see your confidence waver. Until we reunite in death know that I will never lose my love for you. Its safer to be that which we destroy Than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy.

Copying and Simulation

copy and simulation atomic number 18 two very contrary, and very akin things deal often misinterpret. In the process of copying, an very(a) clone of the original lead is produced. On the another(prenominal) hand, the process of simulation can be defined as creating a different material with similar characteristics and a much similar output. Copying is an easy, fool proof way to require an efficient and correctly functioning piece of work, while as simulation is more complicated.Simulation, on the other hand, is much more complicated. In simulation, a much modified version of the object, one that fulfills the purpose of the sign object is created. Examples of copying are all around us. A simple example is the duplication of the desoxyribonucleic acid in a cell during the basic cellular process of mitosis. Another example is photocopying your friends notes for an upcoming scrutiny or assignment. Another example is mass production of identical materials in a factory.Examples of simulation are more common than copying. The most basic example of simulation is the human race, where there are people possessing emotional and physical trait that are very different, yet al are able to complete the same tasks. All humans eat, sleep, drink and socialize, but not all them do so in the same way. Humans were also created for the same purpose, therefore meeting the criteria of simulation. Another example of simulation is divers(a) types of phones.While they all work to accomplish the same tasks, they contain different processors, and come in various shapes and sized. Copying and simulation are two valuable processes with many similarities and differences. While copying must produce an identical version of the object, simulation creates something that must only be similar in purpose and result. Copying and similar are extremely different, yet extremely similar. By Miriam-H. Raga

Personalisation in Health and Social Care Essay

Autism affects just about 1 in 100 people, it affects how they communicate and how they see the world n beforehand(predicate) them. The condition affects people in different ways some whitethorn live a more or less independent life story, others may encounter accompany nurture disabilities and need more specialist care. Autism is a long developmental disability and affects how they see the world around them. People with Autism impart said that the world around them move feel like a mass of people, places and events, which they struggle to make sense of. They also baring it hard relating to people, understanding them and pickings part in everyday family life and social events. People with Autism have difficulties with the following social communication, social interaction and social imagination, these are known as the triad of impairments.The difficulties these draw in peoples lives include finding it difficult to form friendships, understanding and interoperating peoples feelings and actions, understanding danger, coping with changes and new or unfamiliar situations. The main problems with communication that people with autism have, are taking what people say liter onlyy, understanding jokes and sarcasm and peoples body language and facial expressions, it is alpha to speak in a clear and consistent way to enable people with Autism time to unconscious process what has been said.The characteristics of people with Autism may vary, but the main ones consist of love of routine, if their routines are changed or disrupted it freighter cause upset and agitation although if they are given enough time and explanation it may be more comfortable for them. Sensory sensitivity, this can occur in one or more of the senses, it can be hypersensitivity or hypo-sensitivity. Special interests, this can be intense interests from an early age and can be anything from art, music, maths or computers. Learning disability, this can affect all areas of a persons life which involves learning for example how people learn at school to learning daily living skills. An early diagnosis by a health professional will make a difference because with the salutary help and support a person with Autism will make good progress.ASPERGER SYNDROMEAsperger syndrome is a form of Autism and has all of the characteristics and difficulties as Autism although is not accompanied with a learning disability, but may have specific learning difficulties. These may include dyslexia, dyspraxia, ADHD or epilepsy. People with Asperger syndrome have a big love of routine, they may have rules and ritiuals which they must live by to make sense of their world. Children may line things up, collect and bring up things and can be very repetitive. Their special interests can be very intense and sometimes obsessive, they have a big focus on learning and with the correct help and support can do well with studying in their chosen interest. Unlike Autism, Asperger syndrome is harder to diagn ose due to the wide variety of symptoms and may not be recognised until adulthood. Some people find the diagnoses unhelpful as it is an unwanted approximate although for others it is helpful to be able to seek help and support to manage needs and behaviours. Asberger syndrome is quite oftentimes known as the hidden disability and there is no cure.

Animal Farm Dialectic Journal Essay

DirectionsFind the citation in the novel, put it into context, add the page number from your book and then respond insightfully.Chapter 1 And look upon also that in fighting against Man, we must not come to resemble him. Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices.Chapter 2 Their most faithful disciples were the two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover. Those two had great encumbrance in thinking anything out for themselves, but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers, they absorbed everything they were told, and passed it on to early(a) animals by simple arguments.Chapter 3 Mollie, it was true, was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. And the behavior of the shake off was somewhat peculiar. It was soon noticed that when there was work to be done the cat could never be found.Chapter 4 And yet the song was irrepressible. The black birds whistled it in the hedges, the pigeons coo ed it in the elms, it got into the din of the smithies and the argument of the church bells. And when the hu adult male beings listened to it, they secretly trembled, hearing it in a prophecy of their future doom.Chapter 5 At the meetings Snowball often won over the majority by his brilliant speeches, but forty winks was bust at canvassing support for himself in between times. He was especially successful with the sheep. Of late the sheep had interpreted to bleating, Four legs good, two legs bad both in and out of seasons, and they often interrupted the meeting with this.Chapter 6 Comrades, he said quietly, do you know who is responsible for this? Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? snowball he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder.Chapter 7 at one time again it was being put about that all the animals were dying of famine and disease, and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide . Napoleon was well aware of the bad results that might follow if the real facts of the food situation were known, and he headstrong to make use of Mr. Whymper to spread a contrary impression.Chapter 8 On Sunday morning Squealer, keeping down a long strip of paper with his trotter, would read out to them lists of figures proving that the production of every consort of food stuff had increased by two hundred percent, three hundred percent, or quin hundred percent as the case might be. Then the animals saw no reason to disbelieve him, especially as they could no longer remember very clearly what conditions had been like before the Rebellion.Chapter 9 Fools Fools Shouted Benjamin, prancing around them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs. Fools Do you not see what is written on the incline of the van?Chapter 10 Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, no, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again, but already it was impossible to say which was which.

Comparing Sonny’s Blues to the Cathedral

1. Is Patrick lonely? In my opinion, I feel as though the boy is lonely, living in such a unlike and desolate place, with only if his father to spend his time with. For example Ondaatje says, He was born into a arena which did not appear on a map until 1910, though his family had worked there for twenty hears and the land had been homesteaded since 1816. In the school atlas the place is pale green and nameless. The river slips out of an unnamed lake (10-11).Patricks characteristics makes him seem troubling or withdrawn from society, for he spends his time gazing out the window searching for bugs. Ondaatje exclaims, He walks back into the coruscant kitchen and moves from window to window to search out the moths pinioned against the screens, clinging to the brightness Bugs, plant hoppers, grasshoppers, rust-dark mothsthroughout the summer he records their visits and sketches the repeaters (9). I feel bad for Patrick, that his only companions are the bugs flying roughly his house , in search for light.Although Patrick does use up his father, his dad doesnt pay him any attention, unless they are working together. Ondaatje says, Hazen Lewis was an abashed man, withdrawn from the world around him, uninterested in the habits of civilization outside his own focus. He would step up to his horse and simulate it, as if it were a train, as if flesh and blood did not exist (15). It would be rough to mature up in that kind of unaffectionate environment. It would be difficult to feel you had to earn your love.For Patricks father, only praises him when they are successful at work. For example, Ondaatje says, They begin to run back home, looking behind them to see if the alarm is following. The boy gasps, If she goes into the ice again Im not doing a thing Neither am I yells his father, laughing (16). The only part in the story when the boys Father demonstrates warmth and kindness towards his son, is when they give birth the cow from drowning. The fathers introverte d attitude, makes me question how he became so incredibly withdrawn from society.It makes me wonder what happened to his wife. Did she die? Is that the footing why he chooses to act so distant from his son? Does he remind him of her? Patricks withdraw receive also makes me question if that is the reason why Patrick is so quite and reclusive, like his father. With Patricks mother missing from his life and Patricks father uncommunicative, it causes him to live a very lonely, unhappy, and solitary life. 3. Patricks unloving and solitary environment is the reason for his unhappiness.

National drug control treatment strategy critical analysis

Drug abuse is a serious health problem causation illnesses or injuries affecting every community in every major social problem of crime, violence, and squirt abuse. Both pharmacological and environmental factors play a vital role in the tr downment of dose abuse and correlated disorders focusing on the structure and dynamics of the total personality.Focus on the collar areas of health care, criminology, and education were recently emphasized on the policy created by the Presidents field Drug Control Strategy based on the core principles of stopping do drugs abuse forwarfareds it starts, healing Americas drug users, and crashing the market. (ONCDP 2007). The programs efficiency on the first two principles most apt(predicate) provide lessen the population with little injections on enhancements of culture change. Is there a relationship with the drug abuse and American culture?Looking on their idea of disrupting the market, I fear it will disrupt non the market but the mod esty and integrity of the marginal police workforce involved in the trade. Trade take to bes m whizy. Operations cannot account to the last centavo. Trading means gain from deal. It could set antecedence for degeneration. Can Americans endure both drug trafficking, corruption and terrorism at the same time? How does one label the three wars now?The ongoing intelligence collection and interagency review of counterdrug-intelligence missions determined how federal, state, and local drug control efforts were misled on the third principle. This does not stop newcomers becoming drug traffickers where intercepted illegal substances appraised drugs black market value. Raising the prices generates higher income for drug traffickers and for the network of accomplices created for the disruption. (Riley 1996).This will ultimately result to corruption in terms of network integrity that may hold contempt to the existing policy in particular. Trust is very unmanageable if one works with the oth er side. It is between good and evil now. tender personality is usually disrupted by the evil ones surroundings bring. It will eat you like a disease. Although the population of drug abusers will lessen temporarily due to the inflation, they will reckon to work with the alternative of prostitution and other forms of choice of slavery to get what they wanted. It will give initiate to two criminal acts prostitution and government corruption.The leadership and direction to state and local governments must not be limited to the relationship between drugs and cost. It must be focused on the reduction of the accessibility of illegal drugs by prohibition of its entrance and manufacture indoors the country itself. Maybe there should be a review on the policy dedicated to this type of arrest. War on drugs does not mean alliance and allegiance on the ones whom you wage war. Integrity is very important. Stop the entrance and the manufacture, you will lessen the abuse. The government shall not hide their inability to find resolution to the entrance and manufacture by licitly trading with the illegal traffickers. It does not make sense pulling your state to damnation.The first two principles are correlated the beginning and the end of drug abuse. Heal the abuser when it starts, a rosebud, and heal the ones considered as laborious core, a full bloom rose. Observed what becomes of a full bloom rose, it withers and dies Drug word being integrated with the national health care program is a very good persist indeed.It expands access to abuse treatment, its choices, and awareness through massive education. The approach raises drug addiction as a public health issue by the availability of abuse prevention and treatment services out front reaching the criminal justice system. The cornerstone of the policy does not implicate any change in the culture system of the Americans including programs for a new climate of belongingness and lesser independence.If you want to control your family, dont make policies and acts that will make the stand of the youth stronger. Independence is very personal. It contains a lot of essence and a lot of action. Why cant the government take a look on their policies for families? What are the basic psychological reasons of adapting drugs? Is it not support and belongingness? If they cant find that relationship within the scope and context of their respective family then they will continue to seek external factors that can quit what they need no matter how comprehensive the treatment and the programs of the government for drug abuse. (Brannen & OBrien 1996).For me the plan is not that realistic.The President has to consider listening to the voice of the American people like when he led them to war in the Middle East for conducts of terrorism. We are not just talking about functions, economy, and egos here. We are talking about lives Lives of the American people. Violence can never be a cure for peace. Revenge will always b e there. We have to find a way to resolve these wars without producing more body bags. The goals are simply not achievable. He got to listen to the voice of the American people and the voice of his inner conscience.ReferencesBrannen, J. & OBrien, M. (1996). Children in families Research and Policy.Routledge. p. 117.ONCDP. (2007). The Presidents national drug control strategy February 2007.Retrieved April 13, 2007.Riley, K.J. (1996). Snow crease? The war against international cocaine trafficking.Transaction Publishing. pp. 40.

Health care reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health care reform - Research Paper ExampleIn the scud Sicko, by Michael Moore, he looked at the inequalities that constitute between the unite States health care systems in comparison to that in other countries. The way in which he showed his argument both in the interviews as well as his actions makes a compelling argument for the inadequacy of US healthcare. While universal healthcare and non-profit systems such as in Canada and Cuba are bang-up, however the expenses come at a price to the people. It does point out the inequalities that exist in comparing the US to other nations. The biggest shocking fact was that 9/11 victims were not be treated adequately. As a result, they had to travel to another country in order to get the attend they needed. It is an inadequacy that we are medically treating criminals and enemies of the state for free, while our own people who either fag end or cannot afford medical insurance are forced to try to make due with the system that is alrea dy in place. The IOM paper was able to provide a good methodology for the development and re-establishment of the US healthcare system. It calls for reform not only in the way in which the healthcare system works, exclusively overly in which physicians, nurses, etc. should behave and work with citizens. The focus is on treating the patient not only physically, but mentally and spiritually as well. It also calls for making healthcare more easily accessible. The biggest flaw with the article in what is needed in order to promote the changes in both medical education and infirmary regulation is the monetary budget that would be required. Even if a reform was able to be funded, it would coin years to completely revolutionize the system. The idea and components are sound, some of which are easier to change than others. The biggest problem with the United States healthcare is the disparities, or the inequalities that exist. One of the largest things that is emphasized in the culture a nd business of the United States is social Darwinism. Those that can afford healthcare and those that cannot will suffer inequalities. The example was pointed out that those with low grade health insurances normally dont get screened for illnesses such as cancers and diabetes. This then leads to the progression of the illness which by the quantify it is diagnosed, it already has a higher(prenominal) probability of mortality rate. In addition, access to certain resources and physicians is also bound by socioeconomic status. The problem with our healthcare system is the inadequacy of addressing medical concerns on a high output level. Even though technology and medical science has been increasing, there are still problems in the medical sector. Part of the problem is the training that is being received in medical domesticate, nursing school etc. So much is put into technology and medication that the patient/doctor relationship is virtually non-existent. In addition, empathy isnt always shown to patients especially those who suffer from dehabilitating illnesses. The civil population also always has to mint candy with high insurance premiums because the price of medical treatment and medicines has increased. It is also because the malpractice insurance has also risen as a result of doctors being sued for improper medical treatment. The idea of socialized and universal healthcare is great in theory and in some societies such as Canada and Cuba, it may be possible. However, the

Needle stick injuiries among support and ancillary staff in a national Dissertation

Needle stick injuiries among support and ancillary staff in a discipline hospital - Dissertation ExampleDespite these injuries being common, they are often under reported and in many places, both health care and non-health care workers are unaware of safety methods to prevent these infections. Globally, phonograph needle stick injuries are the most common cause of blood-borne infections among health care workers (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). More than 35 billion people worldwide constitute health care work force and they represent 12 part of the working population in the world (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). It is estimated that people working with them as non-health workers are even more(prenominal) in numbers (NHS, 2008). While health care workers are exposed to several biological hazards including blood-borne pathogens and mobile pathogens directly, non-health workers too are at risk of exposure. In addition to pathogens, both health and non-health workers are similarly e xposed hazardous chemicals like sterilizing agents and disinfectants which increase the risk of development of dermatitis, asthma, carcinogens, reproductive toxins, etc (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). ... ent among healthcare workers, which are a potential source for transmission of various diseases like Hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus. These injuries are excessively a potential source of transmission of prion-related diseases. The risk of transmission of hepatitis C with needle stick injuries is 3 percent, for hepatitis B is 30 percent and for HIV is 0.3 percent (Elmiyeh et al, 2004). The transmission from the patient to the healthcare worker through and through the injury depends on the viral load of the patient and also on the amount of blood that passes from the patient to the healthcare worker. Other infections which are transmissible through needle stick injuries are malaria, syphilis and herpes (Wilburn and Eijekamans, 2004). Management of needle stick i njuries should follow state, national and international protocols. From various studies, especially the study by Thomson and Murray (2009), it is evident that only 3 percent of those who suffered from needle stick injuries followed any policy, be it either coverage or prevention of disease. The first aid for contaminated sharps injury must be encourage haemorrhage and washing with soap and water. The type of injury and the status of the patient must be discussed with local frequent health consultant immediately who will conduct an urgent preliminary risk assessment. In subject there is risk of HIV infection, post exposure prophylaxis must be initiated as soon as possible, ideally within one hour. This is estimated to reduce the risk of transmission bu 80 percent. Post exposure prophylaxis must initiated much before the reports of the donor are available. Post exposure prophylaxis is a 28-day treatment with triple cabal of antiretroviral drugs. it is associated with significant complications and needs follow up

Cerebravascular Disorder of Stroke Research Paper

Cerebravascular Disorder of Stroke - Research Paper ExampleAs the report stressesStroke is defined as per the World Health Organization to be a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (at times global) disturbance of cerebral function, lasting for more than 24 hours leading to death with no app arnt cause different than that of vascular origin. There are two primary builds of stroke which are ischemic and hemorrhagic.In an ischemic stroke the blood watercraft gets blocked gener aloney by a blood clot that results in a region of the originator to be deprived in oxygen and cause it to stop functioning. Ischemic strokes have resulted for 80% of all the known cases of strokes. A hemorrhagic stroke takes place if a blood vessel which carries oxygen and other nutrients to the brain bursts causing blood to spill into the brain. A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a form of stroke attack which symptoms and signs get resolve within 24 hours.This discuss ion highlights thatStroke attack leads to principally limitations in the functionalities of its victim. These can be in the form of motor skills, cognitive deformities, sensory skills as fountainhead as emotional issues. Motor skill can include the inability of the stroke victim to track down from one place to another.The memory and sensory levels of the victim are also impaired. These victims need continuous can and care from the people. The stroke victims face problems with their physical and cognitive and sensory skills.

Homeland Security and International Relations Essay

Homeland Security and International Relations - Essay pillow slipWith the internet, you can obtain data and education in the easiest way, but others may use it to impose on _or_ oppress others in different ways. The growing numbers of incidences and attacks online puddle revealed that the cyberspace is no longer secure anymore. Hence, securing information has pay moody a critical factor of every organisation and national agencies whether public or private. Attackers can ingest unauthorised information from the organisational information systems and use it to harm the organisation. Hackers can change, steal or even harm the information systems through the internet. To prevent this will call for protection of the internet space by implementing fitting cyber aegis. This will involve protecting information by preventing, detecting and responding to attacks from unauthorised personnel via the internet space. goerning agencies are most prone when it comes to cyberspace attacks a s they are undertaking an electronic government initiative. more than and more agencies are making a move to be connected into the global internet as more cyber-terrorism activities grow very fast becoming a more serious and manifold issue. Discussion areas Questions are being raised as to whether homeland information certificate is improving over the years. For this to take place, there need to be massive investment in terms of cipherary resources dealing with internal and/or external threat incentives for it to have an effect on the performance of security agencies. The federal government agencies of the United States have a role in improving the situation using security agencies such as homeland security. A background check on the US homeland security status shows that the numbers of cyber-terrorism to government information systems are growing fact. A number of efforts have been made to improve on this and it still remains an issue whether such efforts have been paying off in the improvement of cyberspace security. Government officials and big players in various US industries agree that cyber-crime and cyber-terrorism are threatening national security as well as the economy of the US. Data loss, ready reckoner intrusions and privacy breaches have been common security threats as this puts sensitive information at risk. Identifying information approximately Americans has been stolen, lost or improperly disclosed and hence posing threats to those individuals in terms of privacy loss, identity operator theft and financial crimes. It is therefore important that agencies as well as industry players protect their information systems in a consistent and sufficient way, otherwise cyber-terrorists will always be able to receive a weak spot and take advantage. Commentary According to Koong, Merhi and Sun (2013), the US government needfully to increase the incentives that are in place to positively influence the improvement of security. In the 2010 budget, p resident Obama proposed that the 2010 budget should include $42.7 for the department of homeland security as an effort to reduce the vulnerability of federal agencies. This shows the splendour of the budget, to both private and public organisations, as an incentive to improve homeland information security in an attempt to increase defence against internet threat attacks. An